How do I split a string in Java?

Asked 2023-09-21 08:08:13 View 839,630

I want to split the string "004-034556" into two strings by the delimiter "-":

part1 = "004";
part2 = "034556";

That means the first string will contain the characters before '-', and the second string will contain the characters after '-'.

I also want to check if the string has '-' in it.

Answers

Use the appropriately named method String#split().

String string = "004-034556";
String[] parts = string.split("-");
String part1 = parts[0]; // 004
String part2 = parts[1]; // 034556

Note that split's argument is assumed to be a regular expression, so remember to escape special characters if necessary.

there are 12 characters with special meanings: the backslash \, the caret ^, the dollar sign $, the period or dot ., the vertical bar or pipe symbol |, the question mark ?, the asterisk or star *, the plus sign +, the opening parenthesis (, the closing parenthesis ), and the opening square bracket [, the opening curly brace {, These special characters are often called "metacharacters".

For instance, to split on a period/dot . (which means "any character" in regex), use either backslash \ to escape the individual special character like so split("\\."), or use character class [] to represent literal character(s) like so split("[.]"), or use Pattern#quote() to escape the entire string like so split(Pattern.quote(".")).

String[] parts = string.split(Pattern.quote(".")); // Split on the exact string.

To test beforehand if the string contains certain character(s), just use String#contains().

if (string.contains("-")) {
    // Split it.
} else {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("String " + string + " does not contain -");
}

Note, this does not take a regular expression. For that, use String#matches() instead.

If you'd like to retain the split character in the resulting parts, then make use of positive lookaround. In case you want to have the split character to end up in left hand side, use positive lookbehind by prefixing ?<= group on the pattern.

String string = "004-034556";
String[] parts = string.split("(?<=-)");
String part1 = parts[0]; // 004-
String part2 = parts[1]; // 034556

In case you want to have the split character to end up in right hand side, use positive lookahead by prefixing ?= group on the pattern.

String string = "004-034556";
String[] parts = string.split("(?=-)");
String part1 = parts[0]; // 004
String part2 = parts[1]; // -034556

If you'd like to limit the number of resulting parts, then you can supply the desired number as 2nd argument of split() method.

String string = "004-034556-42";
String[] parts = string.split("-", 2);
String part1 = parts[0]; // 004
String part2 = parts[1]; // 034556-42

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • Why do you use hash symbols to delimit String's methods? - anyone
  • @Crowie: javadoc-style. - anyone
  • Corner case: if it cannot find reugalr expression it returns one element array with whole string. - anyone

An alternative to processing the string directly would be to use a regular expression with capturing groups. This has the advantage that it makes it straightforward to imply more sophisticated constraints on the input. For example, the following splits the string into two parts, and ensures that both consist only of digits:

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

class SplitExample
{
    private static Pattern twopart = Pattern.compile("(\\d+)-(\\d+)");

    public static void checkString(String s)
    {
        Matcher m = twopart.matcher(s);
        if (m.matches()) {
            System.out.println(s + " matches; first part is " + m.group(1) +
                               ", second part is " + m.group(2) + ".");
        } else {
            System.out.println(s + " does not match.");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        checkString("123-4567");
        checkString("foo-bar");
        checkString("123-");
        checkString("-4567");
        checkString("123-4567-890");
    }
}

As the pattern is fixed in this instance, it can be compiled in advance and stored as a static member (initialised at class load time in the example). The regular expression is:

(\d+)-(\d+)

The parentheses denote the capturing groups; the string that matched that part of the regexp can be accessed by the Match.group() method, as shown. The \d matches and single decimal digit, and the + means "match one or more of the previous expression). The - has no special meaning, so just matches that character in the input. Note that you need to double-escape the backslashes when writing this as a Java string. Some other examples:

([A-Z]+)-([A-Z]+)          // Each part consists of only capital letters 
([^-]+)-([^-]+)            // Each part consists of characters other than -
([A-Z]{2})-(\d+)           // The first part is exactly two capital letters,
                           // the second consists of digits

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • This is a great solution, however the first part should be m.group(1), the second part m.group(2), since m.group(0) actually returns the full matching pattern. I think i also remember group(0) used to be the first match instead of the full pattern, maybe this changed in a recent java version update. - anyone

Use:

String[] result = yourString.split("-");
if (result.length != 2) 
     throw new IllegalArgumentException("String not in correct format");

This will split your string into two parts. The first element in the array will be the part containing the stuff before the -, and the second element in the array will contain the part of your string after the -.

If the array length is not 2, then the string was not in the format: string-string.

Check out the split() method in the String class.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • This will accept "-555" as input and returns [, 555]. The requirements aren't defined that clear, if it would be valid to accept this. I recommend writing some unit-tests to define the desired behaviour. - anyone
  • Probly safest to change (result.length != 2) to (result.length < 2) - anyone

This:

String[] out = string.split("-");

should do the thing you want. The string class has many method to operate with a string.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

// This leaves the regexes issue out of question
// But we must remember that each character in the Delimiter String is treated
// like a single delimiter        

public static String[] SplitUsingTokenizer(String subject, String delimiters) {
   StringTokenizer strTkn = new StringTokenizer(subject, delimiters);
   ArrayList<String> arrLis = new ArrayList<String>(subject.length());

   while(strTkn.hasMoreTokens())
      arrLis.add(strTkn.nextToken());

   return arrLis.toArray(new String[0]);
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • The JavaDoc clearly states: "StringTokenizer is a legacy class that is retained for compatibility reasons although its use is discouraged in new code. It is recommended that anyone seeking this functionality use the split method of String or the java.util.regex package instead." - anyone

With Java 8:

    List<String> stringList = Pattern.compile("-")
            .splitAsStream("004-034556")
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

    stringList.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • If you want to remove whitespace add .map(String::trim) after the split - anyone

Use org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils' split method which can split strings based on the character or string you want to split.

Method signature:

public static String[] split(String str, char separatorChar);

In your case, you want to split a string when there is a "-".

You can simply do as follows:

String str = "004-034556";

String split[] = StringUtils.split(str,"-");

Output:

004
034556

Assume that if - does not exists in your string, it returns the given string, and you will not get any exception.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

To summarize: there are at least five ways to split a string in Java:

  1. String.split():

     String[] parts ="10,20".split(",");
    
  2. Pattern.compile(regexp).splitAsStream(input):

     List<String> strings = Pattern.compile("\\|")
           .splitAsStream("010|020202")
           .collect(Collectors.toList());
    
  3. StringTokenizer (legacy class):

     StringTokenizer strings = new StringTokenizer("Welcome to EXPLAINJAVA.COM!", ".");
     while(strings.hasMoreTokens()){
         String substring = strings.nextToken();
         System.out.println(substring);
     }
    
  4. Google Guava Splitter:

     Iterable<String> result = Splitter.on(",").split("1,2,3,4");
    
  5. Apache Commons StringUtils:

     String[] strings = StringUtils.split("1,2,3,4", ",");
    

So you can choose the best option for you depending on what you need, e.g. return type (array, list, or iterable).

Here is a big overview of these methods and the most common examples (how to split by dot, slash, question mark, etc.)

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

The requirements left room for interpretation. I recommend writing a method,

public final static String[] mySplit(final String s)

which encapsulate this function. Of course you can use String.split(..) as mentioned in the other answers for the implementation.

You should write some unit-tests for input strings and the desired results and behaviour.

Good test candidates should include:

 - "0022-3333"
 - "-"
 - "5555-"
 - "-333"
 - "3344-"
 - "--"
 - ""
 - "553535"
 - "333-333-33"
 - "222--222"
 - "222--"
 - "--4555"

With defining the according test results, you can specify the behaviour.

For example, if "-333" should return in [,333] or if it is an error. Can "333-333-33" be separated in [333,333-33] or [333-333,33] or is it an error? And so on.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

You can try like this also

 String concatenated_String="hi^Hello";

 String split_string_array[]=concatenated_String.split("\\^");

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

Assuming, that

  • you don't really need regular expressions for your split
  • you happen to already use apache commons lang in your app

The easiest way is to use StringUtils#split(java.lang.String, char). That's more convenient than the one provided by Java out of the box if you don't need regular expressions. Like its manual says, it works like this:

A null input String returns null.

 StringUtils.split(null, *)         = null
 StringUtils.split("", *)           = []
 StringUtils.split("a.b.c", '.')    = ["a", "b", "c"]
 StringUtils.split("a..b.c", '.')   = ["a", "b", "c"]
 StringUtils.split("a:b:c", '.')    = ["a:b:c"]
 StringUtils.split("a b c", ' ')    = ["a", "b", "c"]

I would recommend using commong-lang, since usually it contains a lot of stuff that's usable. However, if you don't need it for anything else than doing a split, then implementing yourself or escaping the regex is a better option.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

For simple use cases String.split() should do the job. If you use guava, there is also a Splitter class which allows chaining of different string operations and supports CharMatcher:

Splitter.on('-')
       .trimResults()
       .omitEmptyStrings()
       .split(string);

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

The fastest way, which also consumes the least resource could be:

String s = "abc-def";
int p = s.indexOf('-');
if (p >= 0) {
    String left = s.substring(0, p);
    String right = s.substring(p + 1);
} else {
  // s does not contain '-'
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • The most scarce resource is often programmer's time and attention. This code consumes more of that resource than alternatives. - anyone
  • you have a lot of built-in resources that you can use, where the performance it's really considered, this solution is lacking of performance execution time - anyone
  • To do a simple split on a single character with error checking, this is no more complex than the regex version. - anyone
  • Bravo! Finally an answer to this question that does not use regex! Using a regex for this simple task is rather a headscratcher. Good to see there are sane programmers still on this earth :-) - anyone
  • There is only one "-", an Exception is wanted and the result should go to string1 and string2. Make string1 = s.substring(0, s.indexOf("-")); string2 = s.substring(s.indexOf("-") + 1); out of it. You will get the StringIndexOutOfBoundsException automatically if there was no "-". - anyone

String Split with multiple characters using Regex

public class StringSplitTest {
     public static void main(String args[]) {
        String s = " ;String; String; String; String, String; String;;String;String; String; String; ;String;String;String;String";
        //String[] strs = s.split("[,\\s\\;]");
        String[] strs = s.split("[,\\;]");
        System.out.println("Substrings length:"+strs.length);
        for (int i=0; i < strs.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("Str["+i+"]:"+strs[i]);
        }
     }
  }

Output:

Substrings length:17
Str[0]:
Str[1]:String
Str[2]: String
Str[3]: String
Str[4]: String
Str[5]: String
Str[6]: String
Str[7]:
Str[8]:String
Str[9]:String
Str[10]: String
Str[11]: String
Str[12]:
Str[13]:String
Str[14]:String
Str[15]:String
Str[16]:String

But do not expect the same output across all JDK versions. I have seen one bug which exists in some JDK versions where the first null string has been ignored. This bug is not present in the latest JDK version, but it exists in some versions between JDK 1.7 late versions and 1.8 early versions.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

There are only two methods you really need to consider.

Use String.split for a one-character delimiter or you don't care about performance

If performance is not an issue, or if the delimiter is a single character that is not a regular expression special character (i.e., not one of .$|()[{^?*+\) then you can use String.split.

String[] results = input.split(",");

The split method has an optimization to avoid using a regular expression if the delimeter is a single character and not in the above list. Otherwise, it has to compile a regular expression, and this is not ideal.

Use Pattern.split and precompile the pattern if using a complex delimiter and you care about performance.

If performance is an issue, and your delimiter is not one of the above, you should pre-compile a regular expression pattern which you can then reuse.

// Save this somewhere
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[,;:]");

/// ... later
String[] results = pattern.split(input);

This last option still creates a new Matcher object. You can also cache this object and reset it for each input for maximum performance, but that is somewhat more complicated and not thread-safe.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

You can split a string by a line break by using the following statement:

String textStr[] = yourString.split("\\r?\\n");

You can split a string by a hyphen/character by using the following statement:

String textStr[] = yourString.split("-");

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

public class SplitTest {

    public static String[] split(String text, String delimiter) {
        java.util.List<String> parts = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();

        text += delimiter;

        for (int i = text.indexOf(delimiter), j=0; i != -1;) {
            String temp = text.substring(j,i);
            if(temp.trim().length() != 0) {
                parts.add(temp);
            }
            j = i + delimiter.length();
            i = text.indexOf(delimiter,j);
        }

        return parts.toArray(new String[0]);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "004-034556";
        String delimiter = "-";
        String result[] = split(str, delimiter);
        for(String s:result)
            System.out.println(s);
    }
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

Please don't use StringTokenizer class as it is a legacy class that is retained for compatibility reasons, and its use is discouraged in new code. And we can make use of the split method as suggested by others as well.

String[] sampleTokens = "004-034556".split("-");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(sampleTokens));

And as expected it will print:

[004, 034556]

In this answer I also want to point out one change that has taken place for split method in Java 8. The String#split() method makes use of Pattern.split, and now it will remove empty strings at the start of the result array. Notice this change in documentation for Java 8:

When there is a positive-width match at the beginning of the input sequence then an empty leading substring is included at the beginning of the resulting array. A zero-width match at the beginning however never produces such empty leading substring.

It means for the following example:

String[] sampleTokensAgain = "004".split("");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(sampleTokensAgain));

we will get three strings: [0, 0, 4] and not four as was the case in Java 7 and before. Also check this similar question.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

One way to do this is to run through the String in a for-each loop and use the required split character.

public class StringSplitTest {

    public static void main(String[] arg){
        String str = "004-034556";
        String split[] = str.split("-");
        System.out.println("The split parts of the String are");
        for(String s:split)
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

Output:

The split parts of the String are:
004
034556

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

import java.io.*;

public class BreakString {

  public static void main(String args[]) {

    String string = "004-034556-1234-2341";
    String[] parts = string.split("-");

    for(int i=0;i<parts.length;i++) {
      System.out.println(parts[i]);
    }
  }
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

  • if i may share advice, how your answer brings more value than the already accepted solution? stackoverflow.com/a/3481842/420096 on such situations you may cast vote on the existing solution, specially if this is a clear trivial case like that one. - anyone

You can use Split():

import java.io.*;

public class Splitting
{

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        String Str = new String("004-034556");
        String[] SplittoArray = Str.split("-");
        String string1 = SplittoArray[0];
        String string2 = SplittoArray[1];
    }
}

Else, you can use StringTokenizer:

import java.util.*;
public class Splitting
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringTokenizer Str = new StringTokenizer("004-034556");
        String string1 = Str.nextToken("-");
        String string2 = Str.nextToken("-");
    }
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

Here are two ways two achieve it.

WAY 1: As you have to split two numbers by a special character you can use regex

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class TrialClass
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[0-9]+");
        Matcher m = p.matcher("004-034556");

        while(m.find())
        {
            System.out.println(m.group());
        }
    }
}

WAY 2: Using the string split method

public class TrialClass
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String temp = "004-034556";
        String [] arrString = temp.split("-");
        for(String splitString:arrString)
        {
            System.out.println(splitString);
        }
    }
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

You can simply use StringTokenizer to split a string in two or more parts whether there are any type of delimiters:

StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("004-034556", "-");
while(st.hasMoreTokens())
{
    System.out.println(st.nextToken());
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

Check out the split() method in the String class on javadoc.

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#split(java.lang.String)

String data = "004-034556-1212-232-232";
int cnt = 1;
for (String item : data.split("-")) {
        System.out.println("string "+cnt+" = "+item);
        cnt++;
}

Here many examples for split string but I little code optimized.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

String str="004-034556"
String[] sTemp=str.split("-");// '-' is a delimiter

string1=004 // sTemp[0];
string2=034556//sTemp[1];

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

I just wanted to write an algorithm instead of using Java built-in functions:

public static List<String> split(String str, char c){
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){
        if(str.charAt(i) != c){
            sb.append(str.charAt(i));
        }
        else{
            if(sb.length() > 0){
                list.add(sb.toString());
                sb = new StringBuilder();
            }
        }
    }

    if(sb.length() >0){
        list.add(sb.toString());
    }
    return list;
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

String s = "TnGeneral|DOMESTIC";
String a[]=s.split("\\|");
System.out.println(a.toString());
System.out.println(a[0]);
System.out.println(a[1]);

Output:

TnGeneral
DOMESTIC

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

You can use the method split:

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String str = "004-034556";

        if ((str.contains("-"))) {
            String[] temp = str.split("-");
            for (String part:temp) {
                System.out.println(part);
            }
        }
        else {
            System.out.println(str + " does not contain \"-\".");
        }
    }
}

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

To split a string, uses String.split(regex). Review the following examples:

String data = "004-034556";
String[] output = data.split("-");
System.out.println(output[0]);
System.out.println(output[1]);

Output

004
034556

Note:

This split (regex) takes a regex as an argument. Remember to escape the regex special characters, like period/dot.

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13

String s="004-034556";
for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
{
    if(s.charAt(i)=='-')
    {
        System.out.println(s.substring(0,i));
        System.out.println(s.substring(i+1));
    }
}

As mentioned by everyone, split() is the best option which may be used in your case. An alternative method can be using substring().

Answered   2023-09-21 08:08:13